Cdc mining underhand cut and fill mining in three hard. Underhand cut and fill mining as practiced in three deep. This paper focuses on the sublevel open stoping mining used in zone a. Various sections of a roadway design will require bringing in earth. Block caving an inexpensive method of mining in which large blocks of ore are. Preliminary study into a mechanized resue mining method.
Pdf cost calculations for highly mechanized cutandfill. Many variations of the general cut and fill technique exist, however this article will focus on overhand cut and fill. Overhand cut and fill mining method is used in steeply dipping ore bodies in strata having a relatively weak strength and comparatively high grade ore. Hardrock room and pillar mining best practice industry. Longhole stoping dominates 70 percent of the extraction, driftand. This system can be adapted to many different ore body shapes and ground conditions.
Excavation and embankment cut and fill excavation the removal of soil or rock from its natural location. The two industries ranked together as the primary or basic industries of early civilization. The deposits may be tabular in form, dipping at angles steeper than the angle of repose of the broken ore or flatter, if scrapers are employed for moving the ore in the ore passes, or to wide, thick ore bodies or masses. In this method, top and bottom accesses are mined to reach the sublevel open stope. Strength and elastic properties of paste backfill at the. The fill keeps the rock mass stable and serves as a work platform while the next ore slice is mined. Cut and fill welcome to the narrowvein mining project. Atlas copco sublevel caving mining method duration. As each horizontal slice is taken, the voids opens are filled with a variety of fill types to support the walls. Wide strip backfill mining for surface subsidence control. The application of major hazard risk assessment mhra to eliminate multiple fatality occurrences in the us minerals industry by a. Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals, usually those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds or rubies. Cut and fill stoping is a method of underground mining used in vertical stopes and in mining highgrade irregular ore bodies. Underground mine backfilling in australia using paste.
Uses the wet tailings directly from the milling process which cuts down on the size of the tailings dams required on the mining lease. The major advantages of underground mining over open pit mining are lessened environmental. The fill material can consist of waste rock from developments. Figures are representative of the operations at lisheen. As a mining method cut and fill is ideally suited to the extraction of ore from narrow steeply dipping orebodies, from orebodies with irregular contacts or outlines. Uncut value the actual assay value of a core sample as opposed to a cut value. You can report issue about the content on this page here want to share your content on r. Briggs argues that it was more cost effective to mine the ground conventionally and not to practice resue stoping. In cut andfill mining, the ore is removed in a series of horizontal drifting slices. Together with roomandpillar mining, it is the most flexible of underground methods. As the name of the method implies, successive cutting of the ore into horizontal slices is carried. The method has evolved at each mine to meet the unique situations associated with their milling procedure.
Post pillar cut and fill stoping at the dolphin mine of. Probably a combination of these would be the most suitable material to fill the stope after mining. In this method drifts are driven in the ore separated by a slice of ore two or three normal slices high. The uncut half of the core is carefully placed back into the correct location in the box. Luis rivera, executive vp americas at gold fields, the company running the cerro corona mine, declared. Backfill waste material used to fill the void created by mining an orebody. Recently, mine backfill is employed in strategies to reduce surface environmental impacts. Gold quartz veins in a hardrock gold mine, stoping and mucking mbmm duration. The backfilling provides ground support and regional stability, thus facilitating ore removal from nearby regions.
Black diamond drilling services australia pty ltd 7,952 views. Text mining handbook casualty actuarial society eforum, spring 2010 2 we hope to make it easier for potential users to employ perl andor r for insurance text mining projects by illustrating their application to insurance problems with detailed information on the code and functions needed to perform the different text mining tasks. The second section describes underground mining equipment, with particular focus on excavation machinery such as boomheaders, coal cutters, continuous miners and shearers. Indonesia, the underground mining will be promoted in terms of the increasing mining depth and the environmental protection. It is not the easiest environment, but since we started there has not been much opposition. The rock mass surrounding the ore deposit is also usually weak unable to support loads over an extended stoping height. Pearson, underground manager, president steyn gold mining company, ltd describes a mining method that separates the reef and waste handling and he says. Excavation and embankment cut and fill civil engineering.
Soft rock mining refers to excavation of softer minerals such as salt, coal. Mining method evaluation and dilution control in kittila mine core. Centers for disease control and prevention national institute for occupational safety and health spokane research laboratory spokane, wa. Exploring abandoned mines and unusual places 26,064 views. The underhand cut andfill mining method works well the majority of the. Underhand cut andfill stoping is an efficient, sustainable mining method that is particularly applicable to complicated mining conditions in which both the peripheral rocks and the orebody are. A discussion of underground mining also loses much of its value unless costs are considered, because the expectation of profit is the only excuse for carrying on mining at all. Using the consolidated fill for backfilling the coal room and pillar mining. Allowing the backfill to f ail on the upper surface of the beam creates a safer environment for the miners who are working directly beneath the reinforced bottom portion of the beam. Underground mine backfilling is a form of ground improvement that has to be carried out in the mine sites. As mining underneath the sill pillar progresses, a void is created toward which the fill mass will tend to move if unconsolidated with transfer of vertical stresses laterally through arching.
The large underground voids created by the ore removal are backfilled with the waste tailings in the form of paste fills, hydraulic fills, and others. Black diamond drilling services australia pty ltd 14,094 views. Stopes and stulls in the abandoned vulture mine duration. How we measure reads a read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors. The advantages of underground mining are basically the disadvantages of open pit or surface mining. Mining is a process to extract valuable minerals from the earths crust.
Or it can be biproducts of the mineral processing plants. The orebody is a massive, tabular deposit varying from 10 to 50 metres in thickness, and dipping at approximately 30 towards and under the sea bed. As in sublevel stoping, vertical slices are removed by longhole drilling and blasting, but, as the slices are extracted, filling is carried. In cut and fill mining method, as the mined voids are backfilled with. Remove ore in horizontal slices, starting from a bottom undercut and advancing upward. Coal mining in india is dominated with open cast mining which accounts for about 80% of total mining while underground mining is 20%.
In openstope mines the greatest loss of ore is that tied up in pillars left for support of the back or hanging wall. There were also presentations on the history and on the future potential of hardrock mechanized room and pillar mining in southern. The application of major hazard risk assessment mhra to. Cut and fill mining is a highly selective openstope mining method considered ideal for steeply dipping high grade deposits found in weak host rock.
The fill will perform both duties much more effectively than that in shrinkage method. Pumps this product through banks of cyclones to remove most of the water and very fine material. Mine backfill is soil, overburden, mine tailings or imported aggregate material used to replace excavated zones created by mining operations. Hope bay project december 2017 building canadas next gold.
Overhand cut and fill evolved from square set stull stoping to provide. The post pillar cut and fill stoping method has been adopted by king island scheelite for the extraction of the main dolphin orebody. Cost calculations for highly mechanized cut andfill stoping. Embankment the placement and compaction of layers of earth or rock to form a roadbed of the planned shape, density, and profile grade. The underhand method under consolidated fill ensures a high recovery under an engineered back that is comprised of cemented rock fill andor cemented paste. Mine fill is an integral component of mines design and method with many operations utilizing backfill as a means to aid the stabilization of mining related voids and the disposing of mining wastes. Underhand cut and fill mining methods are used at the lucky friday, stillwater, and galena mines in the western us in an effort to safely mine in difficult ground conditions and as a primary mining method where access below the ore is limited. Mine backfill is defined as the material or materials used to fill the cavities created by mining so as to establish and retain safe working conditions, economically. Cut andfill stoping is applicable to the mining of firm ore enclosed within walls, one or both of which are weak and heavy. By kay cichini this article was first published on thebiobucket, and kindly contributed to rbloggers. As conditions vary they cause fluctuations in cost and there are few operations to which a definite cost can be assigned.
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